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3D is based on the way the human brain and eyes work. Because the pupils of a person’s eye are about 6.5 cm apart, each eye views a scene from a different angle and generates a unique image. The brain merges the images to create a single picture. The slight difference between the image from the right eye and the image from the left eye allows the brain to judge the depth. Stereoscopic vision is attained.

Our ability to see in 3D is about perceiving depth. How far away things are from us. A combination of several components allow our brains to perceive our 3D world around us. Perspective is one, where things further away appear smaller. But that can sometimes trick us. Close one eye and look around you. You will immediately notice that the distance of the things around you is not so obvious. If you hold up two things in front of you and move one closer and further away, you will only be able to judge which is closer by their relative sizes. Some optical illusions rely on this by having smaller than usual objects closer to you, so creating the illusion of them being further away.
Another aspect of depth perception is focus. Look at your hand outstretched with a distant background. You will see your hand in focus but the background out of focus.
The final component of depth perception is only available to us because we have two eyes. Because our eyes are spaced apart, each eye sees a slightly different view. Our brain combines these two slightly different scenes and gives us a sense of how far away things are. A simple way to demonstrate that to yourself is to hold one finger up at arms length. Then close each eye in turn, and notice the position of your finger compared to the distant background. With your right eye open, your finger will appear to have moved to the left relative to the background.
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